![]() ![]() Conversely, there was little work examining how attention operates through time to track dynamic objects, an issue critical to how attention works to track an auditory source that extends through time (known as a “stream”). The dominance of visual studies led to an emphasis on how visual features such as spatial adjacency influence the deployment of attention. There is no meaning in a “snapshot” of auditory stimuli. Auditory information, however, is intrinsically temporal: information is primarily conveyed by changes in time‐varying acoustic signals, such as amplitude and frequency modulation. ![]() For instance, many visual paradigms present a static scene of competing objects that, to make tasks demanding, is flashed on only briefly. Ideal observer models account well for performance on simple psychoacoustic tasks, but not for how we cope with the cacophony of sounds in daily life.īecause vision scientists dominated attention studies in the ensuing decade (Corbetta & Shulman, 2002 Hopfinger et al., 2000 Posner & Petersen, 1990 Treisman, 2006 Yantis, 2008), many discussions of attention and its underlying brain mechanisms focused on results, paradigms, and stimuli from visual research. This approach specifically ignores any role of central cognitive processes like memory and attention. However, by the 1990s, many hearing researchers, driven to optimize information preserved in telephone communication and to understand the impact of hearing loss, had turned to developing quantitative, bottom‐up models that assumed an ideal observer (Egan, 1971 Fletcher & Galt, 1950 Henning, 1967 Siebert, 1970). In 1953, Colin Cherry ignited research on the cocktail party problem, describing how attention alters perception in a crowded setting with multiple sound sources (Cherry, 1953). These processes act similarly-and are even shared-across auditory and other sensory modalities. Attention is a set of processes that modulate what information gets represented in the brain. ![]()
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